فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، بهار 1396)

Brittle stars belonging to family Ophiotrichidae and genus Ophiothrix are of common species in the intertidal zones and coral reefs of tropical region. Members of genus Ophiothrix are well distributed in Chabahar Bay at northern coast of Oman sea. These species morphologically are very simillar to species of genus Macrophiothrix because of that often separating them based on morphological characteristics is difficult. That is why their accurate classification requires detailed morphological and molecular studies simultaneously. Sampling was taken place in Tis (Chabahar Bay) to study the morphology and Phylogeny of brittle stars based on COI gene sequence. Morphologically, this species has a five-lobed disc, trapezoidal arm plates and rectangular abdominal plates both are granular. Also, according to the results of molecular analysis Ophiothrix sp. With 49% bootstrap is supported in the clade of genus Ophiothrix and shows a monophyletic relationship with members of this genus. Although it is weakly supported, it seems that this species is a new species which due to the lack of studies about brittle stars of this region remains unknown.

The aim of this research was to study the Agamidae family species in East Azerbaijan, Iran. From among the many different habitat regions, several areas were randomly selected for trapping. To meet the goal, 100 samples of the Agamidae family lizards including five species (Trapelus agilis, Trapelus persicus, Phrynocephalus scutellatus Phrynocephalus persicus, Laudakia nupta) out of three different genera were collected. After take the specimens, Specification subject to change Such as:, sampling location, date, eyes color and etc, was recorded. Samples, based on the size and type and conventional methods were killed, and were transported to the laboratory for identification. After transporting these specimens to the laboratory, they were fixed in 10% formalin and, then they were identified by the valid identification keys.

Glucose is one of the most important sources of energy in the body. Glucose transport into the cell is an example of important facilitated diffusion which carried out by carrier proteins called Glucose transporters (GLUTs). Among Glucose transporters Glut4 and Glut12 are only sensitive transporters to the insulin that the Glut4 gene has been deleted in birds. On the other hand, level of blood glucose in birds is about 200-500 mg/dl and higher than mammals. In this study, glucose tolerance was investigated in three two-month ancestral birds, ostriches, to evaluate glucose homeostasis in the absence of Glut4. Results showed that glucose level returned to its normal levels nearly after two hours, similar to human. Briefly, It can be concluded that lack of insulin sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4, has not a significant role in ostrich, because this bird promptly clear additional glucose from blood but still maintain it about 2.5-fold as mammals. Therefore, it seems that SLC2A4 is not the reason of high blood glucose levels in birds.

The aim of present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Garra persica populations in the Beshar and Kabgiyan rivers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province by using six microsatellite loci. In this study fulfilled on 56 Garra individuals. According to the results, the Fst value was 0.024 which indicates the low genetic differentiation between the populations. The number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity were, 7-25, 0.000-1.000 (the average: 0.595) and 0.767-0.946 (the average: 0.855), respectively. This indicates the allelic diversity and genetic variation of investigated populations is at favorable level. Also, analysis of molecular variance showed there is low genetic variation among populations and most of the observed variation is within the populations. According to these analyses, it seems that, Garra persica has desirable genetic diversity in investigated regions.

Mass spectrometry is a one of the most powerful techniques for identify of materials. This techniquemakesthe materials to be identified with the accurate determination of their mass. With the discovery of soft ionization techniques, this technique was entered into the field of molecular biology. So it was used for the identification of biological molecules. The introduction of mass spectrometry as an important research tool in biology and medical science and the introduction of several applications of this technique in these two areas are the main goals of this study. The method that was used in this study is the type of library research and this study was conducted on the basis of published articles in the past few decades. Latin articles related to the topic studied and the conclusions of them have been investigated. Mass spectrometry methods provide a unique opportunity for molecular specific analyses. This method has created a great development in detecting biological molecules. The molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, oligosaccharides and lipides which constitute a main biopolymers of organisms are identified and analyzed by this method. Therefore, the study of molecular processes of the cell is possible. The high sensitivity and accuracy of mass spectrometry makes the development of new fields such as genomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. Mass spectrometry has been widely used in molecular biology and researches in the field of proteomics is performedwiththe help of mass spectrometry.This method has an effective role in the understanding of molecular and functional mechanisms of the cell with identification of proteins and peptides and also with determination of molecular complexes.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of garlic and black seed powder on performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying quails. For this purpose, a total of 160 quails at the age of 11 weeks in a completely randomized design were assigned in 10 cages and were fed with three treatments control, Basal diet supplemented with 3% of garlic powder and Basal diet supplemented with 2% of black seed powder that were used for 1 month. The results showed that feeding quails with 3% of garlic powder and 2% of black seed powder had no significant effects on the egg production, egg quality parameters (egg weight, yolk relative weight and albumen relative weight), body weight, fertility and plasma parameters from 11 to 14 weeks of age in comparison with control group (P>0.05). But during 11 weeks of age, the diet containing 3% garlic powder significantly reduced feed intake when compared with control group (P

Main purpose of the present research was to study the effects of replacing green algae with agricultural by-products on growth and survival rate of Artemia franciscana. The study was a 4×2 factorial experiment conducted as a completely randomized design. Factors were different types of diet (wheat bran, rice bran, mixture of wheat and rice bran and the alge (Dunaliella salina) and probiotic inclusion level (0 and 10% of the daily meal). All treatments were in triplicates and the experiment lasted for 17 days post hatch. At the end of the trial, growth and the survival rates were calculated. Results showed that total length of Artemia fed wheat bran and alge with probiotic (8.20±0.03 mm) was the highest and that of group fed wheat and rice bran and algae (6.76±0.03 mm) was the lowest (p0.05). According to the results, it seems that unicellular algae can be replaced with easily affordable agricultural by-products and artemia could convert waste to wealth for the sake of environment and expanding aquaculture enterprise.

Evaluation of food attractive is not summarized on growth but included the other aspects, such as body composition parameters. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Betaine in the diet on Growth performance, food efficiency and body composition of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca; Linnaeus, 1785) in Yosefpour's Fish farm (Siyahkal). 600 Pikeperch fingerlings were stocked in three groups of 200 in each tank and were fed with diets counting: commercial trout diet (Biomar) (Control), 1% Betaine added to biomar and 2% Betaine added to biomar, for 6 weeks and fed up to 7 meals per day. During the trial growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition were measured. The result of this study showed that final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency of pikeperch in treatment 2% Betaine added to biomar were significant differences (P

The Arasbaran Protected Area is a forested and mountainous area, which is located in northern part of East Azerbaijan province and bordered to the north by Armenia and Azerbaijan and southern Aras River of the Iranian Plateau confined to 38°40' to 39°08'N and 46°39' to 47°02'E. A study on the status of Sauria in this area was carried out from June to September 2011 and 2013. A total of 141 specimens were collected and identified, which represented four families, 11genera, and 12 species and subspecies, including collected Agamidae: Paralaudakia caucasia, Phrynocephalus persicus, Trapelus lessonae, Anguidae: Pseudopus apodus, Lacertidae: Darevskia raddeii, Iranolacerta brandtii, Eremias strauchi, Lacerta media, Lacerta strigata, Ophisops elegans and Scincidae: Eumeces schneideri Ablepharus bivittatus. The Lacertidae with six species, showed the highest diversity among the families represented here. In this study a new locality was found for Lacerta strigata 30 km north of kalibar, in the Arasbaran.

This study was performed to evaluate four common food rations in Iranian market on growth performance, some biochemical factors of farmed beluga (Huso huso) in winter 2015. Total number of 80 belugas weighing 4063.48± 134.29g were randomly distributed into 8 circular concrete ponds and kept at a density of 10 fish per pond. Fish were acclimatized to new rearing conditions for a week. Great sturgeons were fed four rations including Behdaneh, Biomar, Faradaneh and Skretting in two replicates (completely randomized design). Results showed that the highest final weight, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor, protein efficiency ratio and the lowest FCR and price index were observed in treatment Faradaneh which had significant differences with treatment Behdaneh (P0.05). The highest content of cholesterol was seen in treatment Behdaneh which showed significant difference with other treatments (P

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of people’s knowledge and behaviors towards the protection of Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784)), to recommend solutions that can improve management and conservation of this species. In this descriptive and analytical study, 600 people from Fars province were chosen via the clustered random sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire with a reliability of 83%, consisting of questions about the people’s demographics as well as their knowledge and practice regarding protection of Houbara bustard was completed for all the study population through interviews. Subsequently, descriptive statistics, x2, and Mann-Whitney test and kruscal-wallis test were employed for analysis using SPSS Software (version 19). Based on the findings, 69.45 percent of the cases had poor knowledge and 43.3% had no desire to support of this species. On the other hand, there were a significant correlation between knowledge and sex and awareness and age (P